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    資料來源

    • 氣候變遷的正負面影響

      • 1. Dangerous new hot zones are spreading around the world
        https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2019/national/climate-environment/climate-change-world/#methodology
      • 2. Extreme Weather Displaced a Record 7 Million in First Half of 2019
        https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/12/climate/extreme-weather-displacement.html#:~:text=Extreme%20weather%20events%20displaced%20a,Hurricane%20Dorian%20battered%20the%20Bahamas.
      • 3. The climate crisis, migration, and refugees
        https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-climate-crisis-migration-and-refugees/
      • 4. Groundswell: Preparing for Internal Climate Migration
        https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/infographic/2018/03/19/groundswell—preparing-for-internal-climate-migration
      • 5. THE GREAT CLIMATE MIGRATION
        https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/07/23/magazine/climate-migration.html
      • 6. Economic Impact of Climate Change on The World
        https://web.stanford.edu/~mburke/climate/map.php
      • 7. Forget colonizing Mars. We can all move to Russia when the world heats up.
        https://grist.org/article/forget-colonizing-mars-we-can-all-move-to-russia-when-the-world-heats-up/
    • 北極圈的戰略意義

      • 8. Frozen conflict
        https://www.economist.com/international/2014/12/17/frozen-conflict
      • 9. 二十一世紀俄羅斯北極戰略及其對北極區域安全之意涵
        http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/132898/1/300501.pdf
      • 10. Rising temperatures leave Russia’s Arctic ambitions on thin ice
        https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/rising-temperatures-leave-russia-s-arctic-ambitions-on-thin-ice-59646990
      • 11. Russia’s Arctic Strategy: Energy Extraction (Part III)
        https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/russias-arctic-strategy-energy-extraction-part-three/
      • 12. Russia’s Untapped Arctic Potential
        https://www.chathamhouse.org/2018/01/russias-untapped-arctic-potential
      • 13. Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal: Estimates of Undiscovered Oil and Gas North of the Arctic Circle
        https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3049/fs2008-3049.pdf
      • 14. Russian Strategic Intentions in the Arctic
        https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/russian-strategic-intentions-arctic/
      • 15. What’s at Stake With Rising Competition in the Arctic?
        https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/whats-stake-rising-competition-arctic
      • 16. ARCTIC COUNCIL
        https://arctic-council.org/en/
      • 17. China tops agenda as military leaders from 11 nations mull Arctic security
        https://www.stripes.com/news/china-tops-agenda-as-military-leaders-from-11-nations-mull-arctic-security-1.579881
      • 18. The Return of Great Power Competition to the Arctic
        https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/return-great-power-competition-arctic/
    • 俄國的優勢

      • 19. HOW RUSSIA WINS THE CLIMATE CRISIS
        https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/12/16/magazine/russia-climate-migration-crisis.html
      • 20. Maersk explores Arctic shipping route with Russia
        https://www.reuters.com/article/us-arctic-shipping-maersk-idUSKCN1TF0WW
      • 21. What is the Northern Sea Route?
        https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2018/09/24/what-is-the-northern-sea-route
    • 氣候變遷對俄國的好處

      • 22. Is Russia Finally Waking Up to Climate Change?
        https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/03/04/is-russia-finally-waking-up-to-climate-change-a69517
      • 23. Дмитрий Медведев утвердил национальный план мероприятий первого этапа адаптации к изменениям климата на период до 2022 года
        http://government.ru/news/38739/
      • 24. Russia announces plan to ‘use the advantages’ of climate change
        https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/05/russia-announces-plan-to-use-the-advantages-of-climate-change
      • 25. Vladimir Putin’s news conference
        http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/60857
      • 26. Assessing landscape potential for human sustainability and ‘attractiveness’ across Asian Russia in a warmer 21st century
        https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab10a8
      • 27. Permafrost: Everything You Need to Know
        https://www.nrdc.org/stories/permafrost-everything-you-need-know
      • 28. Russia to Reap Benefits from Climate Change
        https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2017/10/03/russia-to-reap-benefits-from-climate-a591452
      • 29. Changing times for Russian wheat production against the backdrop of climate change
        https://www.awhere.com/russian-wheat-production-against-the-backdrop-of-climate-change/
      • 30. Russia forecast to remain top wheat exporter
        https://www.world-grain.com/articles/13316-russia-forecast-to-remain-top-wheat-exporter
      • 31. World Wheat Supply: Running Out of Russian Grain Raises Risks
        https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-26/world-is-running-out-of-russian-wheat-when-some-want-it-most
    • 美國的擔憂

      • 32. Simulating the Cascading Effects of an Extreme Agricultural Production Shock: Global Implications of a Contemporary US Dust Bowl Event
        https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2020.00026/full
      • 33. The Big Thaw: How Russia Could Dominate a Warming World
        https://www.propublica.org/article/the-big-thaw-how-russia-could-dominate-a-warming-world
    • 俄國同時面對環境衝擊

      • 34. Why Russia is ambivalent about global warming
        https://www.economist.com/europe/2019/09/19/why-russia-is-ambivalent-about-global-warming
      • 35. Pledges And Targets
        https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/russian-federation/pledges-and-targets/
      • 36. Russia Announces Plans for Coal-Digging Surge
        https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/08/26/russia-announces-plans-for-coal-digging-surge-a67011
      • 37. Russia’s Vladimir Putin doubts man-made climate change, backs Trump
        https://www.dw.com/en/russias-vladimir-putin-doubts-man-made-climate-change-backs-trump/a-51736903
    • 永凍土融化的代價

      • 38. All About Frozen Ground
        https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/frozenground/people.html
      • 39. When Permafrost Melts, What Happens to All That Stored Carbon?
        https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2016/12/02/when-permafrost-melts/
      • 40. Smallpox could return as Siberia’s melting permafrost exposes ancient graves
        https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/smallpox-siberia-return-climate-change-global-warming-permafrost-melt-a7194466.html
      • 41. Tour The Man-Made Crater That’s Been Burning For More Than 40 Years
        https://www.businessinsider.com/turkmenistan-darvaza-gas-crater-karakum-desert-2014-5
      • 42. Climate change made Siberian heatwave 600 times more likely – study
        https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/jul/15/climate-change-made-siberian-heatwave-600-times-more-likely-study
      • 43. Moscow resorts to fake snow in warmest December since 1886
        https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/dec/29/moscow-resorts-to-fake-snow-in-warmest-december-since-1886
      • 44. Oil Spill in Siberia: Are We Prepared for Permafrost Thaw?
        https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/oil-spill-siberia-prepared-permafrost-thaw/
      • 45. A Blessing and a Curse: Melting Permafrost in the Russian Arctic
        https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/blessing-curse-melting-permafrost-russian-arctic/
      • 46. Rusia oil spill: Putin declares emergency over huge Arctic oil spill
        https://edition.cnn.com/2020/06/03/europe/russia-putin-oil-spill-norilsk-intl/index.html
    • 沒有具體解決措施

      • 47. Russia’s Thawing Permafrost May Cost Economy $2.3Bln a Year
        https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/10/18/russias-thawing-permafrost-may-cost-economy-23-billion-a-year-a67800
      • 48. On thin ice: thawing permafrost dampens Russia’s economic growth prospects
        https://www.worldfinance.com/featured/on-thin-ice-thawing-permafrost-dampens-russias-economic-growth-prospects
    • 危機或轉機

      • 49. Russia Plans to ‘Adapt’ to Climate Change.
        https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/01/06/russia-plans-to-adapt-to-climate-change-a68814
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