產油國的砍價盤算 | 了概 Liaoguy

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資料來源
- 石油需求下降沙國卻增產
  - 1. Oil crashes by most since 1991 as Saudi Arabia launches price war
    
    https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/08/investing/oil-prices-crash-opec-russia-saudi-arabia/index.html
  - 2. How the crash in oil prices is playing out around the world
    
    https://qz.com/1814957/how-the-crash-in-oil-prices-is-playing-out-around-the-world/
  - 3. Oil Market Report – March 2020
    https://www.iea.org/reports/oil-market-report-march-2020
  - 4. Oil Slumps to Lowest Since 2016 as Demand Collapse Triggers Rout
    https://finance.yahoo.com/news/oil-crash-deepens-battle-between-221127181.html
- 中東產油國與 OPEC 的影響力
  - 5. What countries are the top producers and consumers of oil?
    https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=709&t=6
  - 6. The World’s Top Oil Producers of 2019
    https://www.investopedia.com/investing/worlds-top-oil-producers/
  - 7. The Complete History Of Oil Markets
    https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/The-Complete-History-Of-Oil-Markets.html
  - 8. The Middle East Has A Huge Advantage In The Global Oil Market
    https://www.businessinsider.com/crude-oil-cost-of-production-2014-5
  - 9. Brief History
    https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/24.htm
  - 10. OPEC and Its Goals, Members, and History
    https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-opec-its-members-and-history-3305872
  - 11. OPEC’s Gigantic Blunder
    https://seekingalpha.com/article/3462936-opecs-gigantic-blunder
  - 12. Why the oil price keeps rising
    http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7431805.stm
  - 13. OPEC’s Influence on Global Oil Prices
    https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/060415/how-much-influence-does-opec-have-global-price-oil.asp
  - 14. Oil market stability: the role of OPEC
    https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/press_room/994.htm
  - 15. From OPEC to Iran: moments which have rocked the oil industry
    https://www.offshore-technology.com/features/opec-iran-moments-rocked-oil-industry/
  - 16. Crude Oil (CL:NMX) Historical Price Data
    https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/commodities/cl%3Anmx/historical
  - 17. 石油世紀增訂版：億萬歲月積累黑金150年
    https://www.books.com.tw/products/0010501181
- 俄羅斯與美國頁岩油業崛起
  - 18. Russia to Increase Oil Production to New Record Highs in 2019
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2018/08/14/russia-to-increase-oil-production-to-new-record-highs-in-2019-a62519
  - 19. Russian oil threat to Opec
    https://www.investmentweek.co.uk/investment-week/news/1367058/russian-oil-threat-opec
  - 20. Statistics
    https://minenergo.gov.ru/en/activity/statistic
  - 21. Russian oil output reaches record high in 2018
    https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-oil-output/russian-oil-output-reaches-record-high-in-2018-idUSKCN1OW0NJ
  - 22. US Shale Oil Boom and Bust
    https://www.thebalance.com/us-shale-oil-boom-and-bust-3305553
  - 23. Oil Dependence and U.S. Foreign Policy
    https://www.cfr.org/timeline/oil-dependence-and-us-foreign-policy
  - 24. The United States is now the largest global crude oil producer
    https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=37053
  - 25. Shale Oil
    https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/shaleoil.asp
- OPEC 與非 OPEC 國合作減產
  - 26. Declaration of Cooperation
    https://www.opec.org/opec_web/static_files_project/media/downloads/publications/Declaration%20of%20Cooperation.pdf
  - 27. OPEC, non-OPEC agree first global oil pact since 2001
    https://www.reuters.com/article/us-opec-meeting/opec-non-opec-agree-first-global-oil-pact-since-2001-idUSKBN13Z0J8
  - 28. OPEC in a Changing World
    https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/opec-changing-world
- 沙國與俄國談判破裂
  - 29. Oil crash: why Saudi Arabia has started a global crude price war
    https://www.ft.com/content/59dcba56-61a2-11ea-b3f3-fe4680ea68b5
  - 30. With Oil Prices Down 20%, OPEC Pushes for Stability
    https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/04/business/OPEC-oil-demand-coronavirus.html
  - 31. Russia breaks Opec oil alliance as it takes on US shale
    https://www.ft.com/content/c1b899ec-5fe5-11ea-b0ab-339c2307bcd4
  - 32. OPEC, Russia Fail To Reach Agreement On Production Cuts; Global Crude Prices Plunge 10 Percent
    https://www.rferl.org/a/opec-output-cuts-resisted-russia-kazakhstan/30471426.html
  - 33. How a Saudi-Russian Standoff Sent Oil Markets Into a Frenzy
    https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/09/business/energy-environment/oil-opec-saudi-russia.html
  - 34. Russian Oil Giants Prepare For A Production Surge
    https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Russian-Oil-Giants-Prepare-For-A-Production-Surge.html
- 俄國與沙國相繼宣布擴大產量並砍價
  - 35. Why Russia and Vladimir Putin are waging an oil war with America
    https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/10/business/russia-us-shale-oil-putin-opec/index.html
  - 36. Shale Oil, OPEC+ Fight: Putin, MBS and US Fracking Industry
    https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-07/putin-dumps-mbs-to-start-a-war-on-america-s-shale-oil-industry
  - 37. Добыча нефти в России за два месяца выросла на 1,1%, до 92,54 млн тонн
    https://www.interfax.ru/business/697329
  - 38. Oil Prices Dive as Saudi Arabia Takes Aim at Russian Production
    https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/08/business/saudi-arabia-oil-prices.html
  - 39. The Saudi Arabia-Russia oil war, explained
    https://www.vox.com/2020/3/9/21171406/coronavirus-saudi-arabia-russia-oil-war-explained
  - 40. Why did Saudi Arabia start an oil price war?
    https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/explained/article/3074403/why-did-saudi-arabia-start-oil-price-war
  - 41. Oil nose-dives as Saudi Arabia and Russia set off ‘scorched earth’ price war
    https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/08/opec-deal-collapse-sparks-price-war-20-oil-in-2020-is-coming.html
  - 42. Saudi Arabia slashes April crude oil prices after OPEC’s supply pact collapsed
    https://www.reuters.com/article/audi-oil-prices/update-1-saudi-arabia-slashes-april-crude-oil-prices-after-opecs-supply-pact-collapsed-idUSL8N2B00TK
  - 43. Ministry of Energy directed Saudi Aramco to raise maximum capacity
    https://www.saudiaramco.com/en/news-media/news/2020/aramco-to-raise-maximum-capacity
  - 44. Saudi Arabia to hike crude oil production to ‘unprecedented’ level in April
    https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-arabia-hike-crude-oil-production-unprecedented-level-april
  - 45. Saudi Aramco Boosts Oil Output Capacity to 13 Million bpd
    https://aawsat.com/english/home/article/2174371/saudi-aramco-boosts-oil-output-capacity-13-million-bpd
- 價格戰比誰撐得久
  - 46. What’s behind Saudi Arabia’s oil price war with Russia?
    https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/countingthecost/2020/03/saudi-arabia-oil-price-war-russia-200315114308947.html
  - 47. Table 6. Breakeven Oil Prices
    http://data.imf.org/regular.aspx?key=60214246
  - 48. Saudi Arabia’s Economy Can Ill Afford Oil-Price War It Began
    https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-09/saudi-arabia-s-economy-can-ill-afford-oil-price-war-it-started
  - 49. Barrel Breakdown
    http://graphics.wsj.com/oil-barrel-breakdown/
- 價格戰也會衝擊沙國與俄國財政
  - 50. The fall of OPEC+ and the age of oil price wars
    https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/fall-opec-age-oil-price-wars-200312124946313.html
  - 51. Saudi Aramco just launched the biggest IPO in history. Here are 12 mind-blowing facts about Saudi Arabia’s economy.
    https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/saudi-arabia-economy-facts-2019-5-1028161696#see-also-13
  - 52. Oil price turmoil: How Saudi Arabia’s $100bn gambit could backfire
    https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/oil-prices-how-saudi-arabia-gambit-russia-could-backfire-vision-2030
  - 53. Russia’s oil revenue is about to soar
    https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-oil-revenue-about-to-soar-2018-5
  - 54. RUSSIA
    https://www.eia.gov/international/analysis/country/RUS
  - 55. Never mind punishing the US, Russia and Saudi Arabia’s oil price war will hurt all producers
    https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/opinion/article/3074923/never-mind-punishing-us-russia-and-saudi-arabias-oil-price-war
- 油價下跌的短期影響
  - 56. Low oil prices could damage the US economy
    https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/09/business/oil-prices-us-economic-impact/index.html
  - 57. A Complex Story: Global Impact of Low Oil Prices
    https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/051315/complex-story-global-impact-low-oil-prices.asp
  - 58. Oil Prices Hit A New Low. Here’s Why That Might Be A Bad Thing
    https://www.npr.org/2018/11/23/670440556/oil-prices-hit-a-new-low-heres-why-that-might-be-a-bad-thing
  - 59. 新世紀的化學工程：臺灣石油化學工業
    http://chemed.chemistry.org.tw/?p=20777
  - 60. 秒懂煉油產業
    https://ejournal.stpi.narl.org.tw/sd/download?source=10710-02.pdf&vlId=4036cb9dd8314fad97b3a570557a5640&nd=1&ds=1
- 企業獲利受低油價衝擊
  - 61. 疫情衝擊油價低檔首季外銷訂單恐續頹勢
    https://www.cna.com.tw/news/afe/202003140043.aspx
  - 62. 如何判斷油價趨勢 ─油價在經濟上的角色
    https://www.stockfeel.com.tw/%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%88%A4%E6%96%B7%E6%B2%B9%E5%83%B9%E8%B6%A8%E5%8B%A2i%E2%94%80%E6%B2%B9%E5%83%B9%E5%9C%A8%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2/
  - 63. 油價大跌為什麼害慘台灣？
    https://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5074252
  - 64. 淘汰賽開打！台塑化每週兩次緊急應變會議
    https://www.wealth.com.tw/home/articles/24706
  - 65. 石化業定義與範疇
    https://www.pipo.org.tw/About/
- 沙俄原油博弈
  - 66. SAUDI ARABIA-RUSSIA OIL PRICE WAR EXPLAINED: HOW LONG WILL IT LAST AND WHO IS LIKELY TO WIN?
    https://www.newsweek.com/saudi-arabia-russia-oil-price-war-explained-long-last-who-likely-win-1492151
  - 67. OPEC’s market share sinks – and no sign of wavering on supply cuts
    https://www.reuters.com/article/us-oil-opec-graphic/opecs-market-share-sinks-and-no-sign-of-wavering-on-supply-cuts-idUSKCN1VC0U4
  - 68. No End in Sight to the Oil Price War Between Russia and Saudi Arabia
    https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/03/14/oil-price-war-russia-saudi-arabia-no-end-production/